Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
4.300 5.100 5.800 5.843 6.400 7.900 Mapas bivariados
Gabriel Massaine Moulatlet & Fabricio Villalobos
Instituto de Ecología, A.C.
Paquetes
Vamos a utilizar los siguientes paquetes:
biscaleggplot2
Biscale
- Paquete para producir mapas bivariados (i.e. dos variables en el mismo layout)
- Sirve para producir leyendas bivariadas
- Herramientas para classificación de datos en categorías usando diferentes técnicas
- Documentación
Según Wikipedia…
- Mapas bivariados también son conocidos como Mapa coropleto o Mapa de coropletas
Mapa temático en el que las áreas se sombrean de distintos colores, frecuentemente de la misma gama cromática, que representan distintos valores de una variable estadística característica.
Dos o más variables…
- Los mapas bivariados son útiles para graficar dos variables
- Ajuste de colores, transparencias y formas
Son bastante comunes para reportar resultados de elecciones
También para reportar indicadores socio-económicos
Hay otros ejemplos: colores y marcaciones
Hay otros ejemplos: colores y area ![]()
Leyendas triangulares - Tres variables Sabatini et al. 2022 ![]()
Formatos complejos
Sabatini et al. 2022 
## Mapas RGB
Leyendas rectangulares con varias categorias
Pero lo más importante es que la información esté clara
- ¿Cuál de los dos mapas transmite mejor la información?
![]()
Producir mapas bivariados
Teoría:
La idea central es buscar una manera de como combinar estas dos variables
Escalas diferentes, número diferente de categorías etc…
Los mapas bivariados conllevan dos pasos:
- Categorización de las variables según alguna estadística
- Preparación de una leyenda y su “paleta” de colores
1. Categorización de variables
Pasos:
- Normalizar los datos en conteos o proporciones
- las funciones
cut()ysummary()de R base pueden ser útiles (revisar tambiénsantoku) - Con los datos iris
library(janitor)
# Categorizar de acuerdo a los quantiles
ci = cut(iris$Sepal.Length,
breaks = c(4.3,5.1,5.8,6.4, max(iris$Sepal.Length)))
# Explorar los resultados
tabyl(ci) ci n percent valid_percent
(4.3,5.1] 40 0.266666667 0.2684564
(5.1,5.8] 39 0.260000000 0.2617450
(5.8,6.4] 35 0.233333333 0.2348993
(6.4,7.9] 35 0.233333333 0.2348993
<NA> 1 0.006666667 NAla función classIntervals()
- Permite categorizar los datos usando varios tipos de categorización
- quantile, jenkins, equal para mencionar algunas
- hay que definir el numero de clases (parámetro n)
- Luego de categorizar el vector de interés, se puede cortar con la función
cut() - También se puede generar un vector con las categorías y juntarlo a los datos originales usando la función
findCols()
breaks = classInt::classIntervals(iris$Sepal.Length,style="quantile",n=4)$brks
cc = cut(iris$Sepal.Length, breaks = breaks)
tabyl(cc) cc n percent valid_percent
(4.3,5.1] 40 0.266666667 0.2684564
(5.1,5.8] 39 0.260000000 0.2617450
(5.8,6.4] 35 0.233333333 0.2348993
(6.4,7.9] 35 0.233333333 0.2348993
<NA> 1 0.006666667 NAla función findCols()
usando el paquete biscale
- Se utliza la función
bi_class()para generar las catetorias - Permite hacer la categorización de las dos variables elejidas de una vez, a diferencia de
classIntervals()
2. Preparación de leyenda bivariada
Preparación de una leyenda
La función bi_legend()
- Para ver las paletas disponibles aquí
El mapa bivariado
- Vamos a ver el ejemplo del vignette
- Son datos sobre el porcentaje de “brancos” y la ganancia en los EUA.
- Vamos usar las columnas
pctWhiteymedIncpara hacer el mapa. - Vamos usar 3 dimensiones y categorizar los datos usando
quantiles
Manos a la obra!
- Determinamos el geom como
geom_sfyfill=bi_class bi_classdebe ser la categorización que hemos visto anteriormente conbi_class()
bi_scale_fill, tiene el argumentopalpara la paleta de colores ydimpara el numero de categorías utilizadas
- Después de preparar el mapa, hay que preparar la leyenda
- Finalmente, ponerlos lado a lado usando
patchwork
Se juede jugar con el layout final usando la función inset
p1 + inset_element(p2, 0.6, 0.6, 1, 1) # left, top, right, bottom
Como hacer mapas bivariados sin usar el paquete biscale
- El tutorial de Len Kiefer
- Usar el paquete
classIntpara categorizar los datos - Usar el esquema de colores de la leyenda para preparar el mapa
- Qué chulada!
![]()
- La leyenda se hace con la función
expand_grid()detidyr
library(ggplot2)
ggplot(d, aes(x,y))+
geom_tile(aes(alpha=x+y,fill=atan(y/x)))+
scale_fill_viridis_c()+
theme(legend.position="none",
axis.text.y = element_blank(),
axis.text.x = element_blank(),
axis.ticks = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
panel.grid.major = element_blank())+
coord_equal()
- Lo importante aqui es usar el geom
geom_tile - Permite usar varios colores
- Vamos jugar con los valores de
alpha(transparencia) yfill
Categorizar los datos
- vamos usar las funciones
classInt()yfindCols()
stl_race_income$x = classInt::findCols(x)
stl_race_income$y = classInt::findCols(y)
head(stl_race_income) GEOID pctWhite medInc
1 29510102300 82.925682 51650
2 29510102400 90.116046 45375
3 29510104500 74.723618 54286
4 29510106100 1.752464 18895
5 29510105500 2.376729 36130
6 29510105200 36.833277 60938
geometry
1 -90.29702, -90.29696, -90.29687, -90.29660, -90.29651, -90.29638, -90.29601, -90.29588, -90.29536, -90.29528, -90.29521, -90.29512, -90.29503, -90.29415, -90.29398, -90.29348, -90.29332, -90.29315, -90.29267, -90.29251, -90.29215, -90.29144, -90.29106, -90.29074, -90.29071, -90.29040, -90.29011, -90.28971, -90.28947, -90.28916, -90.28900, -90.28853, -90.28843, -90.28837, -90.28817, -90.28804, -90.28757, -90.28737, -90.28720, -90.28697, -90.28668, -90.28651, -90.28643, -90.28637, -90.28617, -90.28598, -90.28586, -90.28577, -90.28551, -90.28549, -90.28535, -90.28511, -90.28447, -90.28435, -90.28433, -90.28427, -90.28415, -90.28387, -90.28335, -90.28297, -90.28286, -90.28074, -90.28031, -90.27998, -90.27967, -90.27958, -90.27916, -90.27868, -90.27847, -90.27750, -90.27716, -90.27729, -90.27767, -90.27780, -90.27784, -90.27796, -90.27800, -90.27808, -90.27834, -90.27843, -90.27858, -90.27893, -90.27905, -90.27920, -90.27927, -90.27948, -90.27956, -90.27958, -90.27965, -90.27967, -90.27977, -90.28006, -90.28015, -90.28020, -90.28033, -90.28038, -90.28075, -90.28122, -90.28137, -90.28197, -90.28262, -90.28291, -90.28299, -90.28306, -90.28314, -90.28322, -90.28346, -90.28352, -90.28372, -90.28379, -90.28397, -90.28411, -90.28460, -90.28509, -90.28542, -90.28553, -90.28583, -90.28594, -90.28609, -90.28655, -90.28671, -90.28675, -90.28688, -90.28692, -90.28695, -90.28704, -90.28705, -90.28974, -90.28981, -90.29230, -90.29242, -90.29250, -90.29343, -90.29462, -90.29657, -90.29698, -90.29702, 38.56237, 38.56241, 38.56247, 38.56265, 38.56271, 38.56279, 38.56305, 38.56313, 38.56348, 38.56352, 38.56357, 38.56364, 38.56370, 38.56428, 38.56439, 38.56470, 38.56480, 38.56490, 38.56519, 38.56528, 38.56550, 38.56591, 38.56614, 38.56634, 38.56636, 38.56654, 38.56671, 38.56695, 38.56709, 38.56728, 38.56737, 38.56765, 38.56771, 38.56775, 38.56787, 38.56795, 38.56823, 38.56835, 38.56845, 38.56859, 38.56876, 38.56886, 38.56890, 38.56895, 38.56912, 38.56928, 38.56940, 38.56929, 38.56902, 38.56900, 38.56885, 38.56861, 38.56795, 38.56786, 38.56784, 38.56784, 38.56787, 38.56803, 38.56835, 38.56859, 38.56867, 38.56750, 38.56727, 38.56713, 38.56703, 38.56700, 38.56685, 38.56665, 38.56655, 38.56618, 38.56603, 38.56589, 38.56548, 38.56535, 38.56530, 38.56518, 38.56514, 38.56504, 38.56476, 38.56466, 38.56449, 38.56410, 38.56397, 38.56379, 38.56372, 38.56348, 38.56341, 38.56338, 38.56330, 38.56328, 38.56317, 38.56286, 38.56275, 38.56270, 38.56256, 38.56251, 38.56212, 38.56163, 38.56148, 38.56083, 38.56014, 38.55984, 38.55976, 38.55968, 38.55960, 38.55951, 38.55926, 38.55919, 38.55898, 38.55891, 38.55871, 38.55855, 38.55802, 38.55749, 38.55714, 38.55703, 38.55671, 38.55660, 38.55643, 38.55594, 38.55578, 38.55573, 38.55560, 38.55556, 38.55552, 38.55544, 38.55542, 38.55702, 38.55707, 38.55892, 38.55900, 38.55904, 38.55975, 38.56061, 38.56203, 38.56233, 38.56237
2 -90.28452, -90.28448, -90.28445, -90.28422, -90.28401, -90.28349, -90.28346, -90.28343, -90.28310, -90.28297, -90.28285, -90.28278, -90.28258, -90.28252, -90.28245, -90.28238, -90.28223, -90.28221, -90.28215, -90.28200, -90.28175, -90.28151, -90.28109, -90.28104, -90.28096, -90.28072, -90.28056, -90.28024, -90.28017, -90.27985, -90.27983, -90.27973, -90.27957, -90.27943, -90.27935, -90.27933, -90.27922, -90.27916, -90.27898, -90.27890, -90.27882, -90.27862, -90.27817, -90.27804, -90.27785, -90.27779, -90.27763, -90.27757, -90.27741, -90.27719, -90.27716, -90.27711, -90.27704, -90.27683, -90.27648, -90.27635, -90.27614, -90.27592, -90.27581, -90.27574, -90.27552, -90.27544, -90.27525, -90.27495, -90.27466, -90.27446, -90.27426, -90.27393, -90.27365, -90.27345, -90.27325, -90.27323, -90.27296, -90.27257, -90.27235, -90.27224, -90.27193, -90.27183, -90.27126, -90.27095, -90.27074, -90.27064, -90.27054, -90.27041, -90.27030, -90.26999, -90.26981, -90.26978, -90.26969, -90.26966, -90.26939, -90.26918, -90.26858, -90.26832, -90.26845, -90.26847, -90.26855, -90.26858, -90.26863, -90.26879, -90.26884, -90.26890, -90.26897, -90.26905, -90.26910, -90.26969, -90.27125, -90.27144, -90.27147, -90.27185, -90.27202, -90.27211, -90.27237, -90.27246, -90.27266, -90.27280, -90.27324, -90.27344, -90.27360, -90.27405, -90.27408, -90.27424, -90.27428, -90.27440, -90.27445, -90.27464, -90.27498, -90.27523, -90.27542, -90.27550, -90.27573, -90.27581, -90.27589, -90.27597, -90.27612, -90.27620, -90.27638, -90.27693, -90.27712, -90.27729, -90.27781, -90.27798, -90.27812, -90.27816, -90.27850, -90.27871, -90.27889, -90.27927, -90.27965, -90.27970, -90.28046, -90.28052, -90.28068, -90.28105, -90.28193, -90.28211, -90.28247, -90.28249, -90.28269, -90.28278, -90.28344, -90.28377, -90.28407, -90.28415, -90.28438, -90.28440, -90.28440, -90.28451, -90.28453, -90.28452, 38.57405, 38.57416, 38.57424, 38.57465, 38.57505, 38.57601, 38.57607, 38.57612, 38.57672, 38.57697, 38.57719, 38.57732, 38.57771, 38.57785, 38.57797, 38.57809, 38.57832, 38.57836, 38.57843, 38.57862, 38.57884, 38.57902, 38.57924, 38.57926, 38.57929, 38.57940, 38.57947, 38.57961, 38.57965, 38.57983, 38.57985, 38.57993, 38.58005, 38.58017, 38.58024, 38.58026, 38.58038, 38.58045, 38.58067, 38.58079, 38.58094, 38.58092, 38.58088, 38.58086, 38.58084, 38.58084, 38.58082, 38.58081, 38.58079, 38.58076, 38.58075, 38.58074, 38.58071, 38.58056, 38.58027, 38.58017, 38.58001, 38.57984, 38.57974, 38.57974, 38.57973, 38.57973, 38.57972, 38.57972, 38.57972, 38.57971, 38.57971, 38.57971, 38.57971, 38.57970, 38.57970, 38.57970, 38.57970, 38.57970, 38.57970, 38.57970, 38.57970, 38.57970, 38.57970, 38.57970, 38.57969, 38.57966, 38.57961, 38.57955, 38.57949, 38.57931, 38.57921, 38.57923, 38.57930, 38.57933, 38.57919, 38.57908, 38.57878, 38.57865, 38.57825, 38.57818, 38.57795, 38.57787, 38.57772, 38.57726, 38.57711, 38.57695, 38.57671, 38.57647, 38.57631, 38.57662, 38.57744, 38.57755, 38.57756, 38.57776, 38.57787, 38.57784, 38.57777, 38.57775, 38.57769, 38.57765, 38.57756, 38.57752, 38.57749, 38.57739, 38.57738, 38.57733, 38.57732, 38.57728, 38.57726, 38.57719, 38.57706, 38.57693, 38.57684, 38.57680, 38.57668, 38.57664, 38.57660, 38.57656, 38.57647, 38.57642, 38.57631, 38.57598, 38.57587, 38.57577, 38.57545, 38.57535, 38.57526, 38.57524, 38.57504, 38.57491, 38.57479, 38.57456, 38.57434, 38.57431, 38.57387, 38.57383, 38.57374, 38.57350, 38.57294, 38.57280, 38.57253, 38.57251, 38.57233, 38.57224, 38.57162, 38.57132, 38.57224, 38.57250, 38.57327, 38.57332, 38.57333, 38.57372, 38.57388, 38.57405
3 -90.29432, -90.29425, -90.29422, -90.29417, -90.29416, -90.29412, -90.29402, -90.29400, -90.29394, -90.29390, -90.29379, -90.29376, -90.29372, -90.29362, -90.29358, -90.29356, -90.29352, -90.29350, -90.29348, -90.29343, -90.29342, -90.29339, -90.29333, -90.29331, -90.29327, -90.29320, -90.29315, -90.29311, -90.29308, -90.29300, -90.29300, -90.29297, -90.29289, -90.29288, -90.29265, -90.29240, -90.29217, -90.29183, -90.29148, -90.29125, -90.29035, -90.28992, -90.28973, -90.28822, -90.28765, -90.28707, -90.28675, -90.28614, -90.28559, -90.28518, -90.28498, -90.28278, -90.28264, -90.28146, -90.28069, -90.27850, -90.27683, -90.27537, -90.27453, -90.27391, -90.27289, -90.27268, -90.27242, -90.27115, -90.26995, -90.26962, -90.26949, -90.26798, -90.26746, -90.26635, -90.26598, -90.26577, -90.26519, -90.26487, -90.26450, -90.26451, -90.26454, -90.26455, -90.26457, -90.26465, -90.26468, -90.26469, -90.26473, -90.26474, -90.26476, -90.26483, -90.26486, -90.26487, -90.26489, -90.26490, -90.26491, -90.26496, -90.26498, -90.26501, -90.26510, -90.26512, -90.26514, -90.26534, -90.26548, -90.26570, -90.26680, -90.26749, -90.26796, -90.26850, -90.26872, -90.26918, -90.27013, -90.27193, -90.27243, -90.27282, -90.27367, -90.27401, -90.27573, -90.27662, -90.27766, -90.27929, -90.28018, -90.28176, -90.28229, -90.28636, -90.28651, -90.28809, -90.28850, -90.28971, -90.29012, -90.29098, -90.29118, -90.29202, -90.29336, -90.29354, -90.29403, -90.29435, -90.29432, 38.62098, 38.62118, 38.62124, 38.62154, 38.62159, 38.62179, 38.62233, 38.62241, 38.62270, 38.62289, 38.62344, 38.62363, 38.62380, 38.62434, 38.62452, 38.62460, 38.62484, 38.62492, 38.62501, 38.62530, 38.62540, 38.62553, 38.62593, 38.62607, 38.62629, 38.62669, 38.62698, 38.62720, 38.62737, 38.62785, 38.62788, 38.62805, 38.62852, 38.62858, 38.62999, 38.63146, 38.63143, 38.63140, 38.63136, 38.63134, 38.63125, 38.63121, 38.63119, 38.63105, 38.63099, 38.63093, 38.63089, 38.63082, 38.63078, 38.63075, 38.63073, 38.63056, 38.63055, 38.63041, 38.63031, 38.63010, 38.62994, 38.62980, 38.62972, 38.62966, 38.62956, 38.62954, 38.62952, 38.62940, 38.62927, 38.62924, 38.62923, 38.62909, 38.62904, 38.62893, 38.62889, 38.62887, 38.62882, 38.62879, 38.62875, 38.62869, 38.62851, 38.62845, 38.62828, 38.62780, 38.62763, 38.62756, 38.62735, 38.62728, 38.62713, 38.62670, 38.62655, 38.62651, 38.62636, 38.62632, 38.62622, 38.62595, 38.62586, 38.62567, 38.62512, 38.62501, 38.62493, 38.62395, 38.62322, 38.62328, 38.62357, 38.62373, 38.62383, 38.62392, 38.62396, 38.62403, 38.62410, 38.62407, 38.62404, 38.62401, 38.62391, 38.62387, 38.62367, 38.62357, 38.62345, 38.62326, 38.62315, 38.62296, 38.62290, 38.62242, 38.62240, 38.62222, 38.62217, 38.62201, 38.62196, 38.62185, 38.62183, 38.62167, 38.62131, 38.62124, 38.62106, 38.62091, 38.62098
4 -90.29005, -90.28941, -90.28915, -90.28881, -90.28821, -90.28763, -90.28734, -90.28684, -90.28603, -90.28596, -90.28590, -90.28582, -90.28575, -90.28572, -90.28560, -90.28553, -90.28522, -90.28404, -90.28302, -90.28256, -90.28232, -90.28189, -90.28133, -90.28113, -90.28099, -90.28055, -90.28036, -90.28016, -90.27958, -90.27938, -90.27917, -90.27855, -90.27834, -90.27819, -90.27776, -90.27762, -90.27727, -90.27702, -90.27623, -90.27588, -90.27563, -90.27444, -90.27414, -90.27413, -90.27312, -90.27296, -90.27251, -90.27236, -90.27256, -90.27284, -90.27314, -90.27333, -90.27351, -90.27380, -90.27408, -90.27427, -90.27445, -90.27502, -90.27521, -90.27540, -90.27615, -90.27686, -90.27878, -90.27884, -90.27965, -90.28021, -90.28053, -90.28070, -90.28122, -90.28140, -90.28157, -90.28191, -90.28209, -90.28227, -90.28244, -90.28297, -90.28314, -90.28356, -90.28433, -90.28468, -90.28574, -90.28609, -90.28716, -90.28809, -90.28846, -90.28860, -90.28900, -90.28913, -90.28932, -90.28963, -90.28967, -90.28977, -90.28981, -90.28984, -90.28988, -90.28991, -90.28995, -90.29005, 38.67058, 38.67139, 38.67172, 38.67214, 38.67290, 38.67363, 38.67400, 38.67463, 38.67565, 38.67560, 38.67557, 38.67553, 38.67549, 38.67547, 38.67540, 38.67537, 38.67520, 38.67455, 38.67403, 38.67378, 38.67365, 38.67343, 38.67313, 38.67302, 38.67294, 38.67270, 38.67260, 38.67249, 38.67218, 38.67207, 38.67196, 38.67162, 38.67151, 38.67143, 38.67120, 38.67113, 38.67094, 38.67080, 38.67038, 38.67019, 38.67005, 38.66941, 38.66925, 38.66923, 38.66869, 38.66861, 38.66837, 38.66829, 38.66803, 38.66768, 38.66726, 38.66699, 38.66673, 38.66632, 38.66595, 38.66569, 38.66543, 38.66467, 38.66441, 38.66414, 38.66309, 38.66347, 38.66450, 38.66454, 38.66498, 38.66529, 38.66546, 38.66555, 38.66583, 38.66592, 38.66602, 38.66620, 38.66630, 38.66640, 38.66649, 38.66677, 38.66687, 38.66709, 38.66750, 38.66769, 38.66826, 38.66846, 38.66903, 38.66953, 38.66972, 38.66979, 38.67001, 38.67008, 38.67018, 38.67035, 38.67037, 38.67043, 38.67045, 38.67047, 38.67049, 38.67051, 38.67053, 38.67058
5 -90.28601, -90.28595, -90.28593, -90.28593, -90.28592, -90.28587, -90.28586, -90.28572, -90.28569, -90.28564, -90.28559, -90.28556, -90.28552, -90.28547, -90.28542, -90.28539, -90.28530, -90.28525, -90.28520, -90.28512, -90.28499, -90.28419, -90.28371, -90.28335, -90.28314, -90.28297, -90.28244, -90.28227, -90.28209, -90.28191, -90.28157, -90.28140, -90.28122, -90.28070, -90.28053, -90.28021, -90.27965, -90.27884, -90.27878, -90.27686, -90.27615, -90.27526, -90.27437, -90.27362, -90.27249, -90.27246, -90.27199, -90.27047, -90.26926, -90.26898, -90.26722, -90.26640, -90.26626, -90.26599, -90.26586, -90.26572, -90.26575, -90.26579, -90.26584, -90.26587, -90.26590, -90.26592, -90.26594, -90.26599, -90.26603, -90.26606, -90.26611, -90.26616, -90.26619, -90.26622, -90.26626, -90.26631, -90.26634, -90.26705, -90.26918, -90.26989, -90.26996, -90.27017, -90.27024, -90.27072, -90.27088, -90.27122, -90.27215, -90.27263, -90.27265, -90.27271, -90.27274, -90.27275, -90.27278, -90.27280, -90.27284, -90.27287, -90.27295, -90.27299, -90.27301, -90.27307, -90.27308, -90.27309, -90.27358, -90.27382, -90.27481, -90.27517, -90.27593, -90.27601, -90.27674, -90.27733, -90.27888, -90.27872, -90.27868, -90.27860, -90.27853, -90.27849, -90.27838, -90.27834, -90.28143, -90.28345, -90.28360, -90.28369, -90.28383, -90.28425, -90.28547, -90.28602, -90.28601, 38.65899, 38.65938, 38.65951, 38.65955, 38.65961, 38.65992, 38.66002, 38.66089, 38.66109, 38.66140, 38.66170, 38.66190, 38.66210, 38.66240, 38.66273, 38.66294, 38.66348, 38.66380, 38.66401, 38.66416, 38.66433, 38.66544, 38.66609, 38.66658, 38.66687, 38.66677, 38.66649, 38.66640, 38.66630, 38.66620, 38.66602, 38.66592, 38.66583, 38.66555, 38.66546, 38.66529, 38.66498, 38.66454, 38.66450, 38.66347, 38.66309, 38.66262, 38.66214, 38.66174, 38.66111, 38.66109, 38.66090, 38.66073, 38.66062, 38.66059, 38.66041, 38.66031, 38.66030, 38.66027, 38.66025, 38.66024, 38.66004, 38.65972, 38.65944, 38.65924, 38.65905, 38.65888, 38.65877, 38.65848, 38.65829, 38.65811, 38.65784, 38.65757, 38.65739, 38.65721, 38.65694, 38.65667, 38.65649, 38.65656, 38.65678, 38.65685, 38.65686, 38.65688, 38.65689, 38.65694, 38.65696, 38.65700, 38.65708, 38.65713, 38.65699, 38.65659, 38.65646, 38.65639, 38.65618, 38.65611, 38.65586, 38.65563, 38.65512, 38.65487, 38.65474, 38.65436, 38.65430, 38.65423, 38.65429, 38.65431, 38.65440, 38.65443, 38.65449, 38.65450, 38.65457, 38.65463, 38.65477, 38.65577, 38.65595, 38.65646, 38.65695, 38.65718, 38.65787, 38.65811, 38.65842, 38.65861, 38.65862, 38.65863, 38.65865, 38.65869, 38.65881, 38.65886, 38.65899
6 -90.29462, -90.29460, -90.29458, -90.29456, -90.29456, -90.29451, -90.29449, -90.29446, -90.29442, -90.29436, -90.29433, -90.29430, -90.29426, -90.29421, -90.29418, -90.29415, -90.29410, -90.29406, -90.29403, -90.29400, -90.29396, -90.29391, -90.29389, -90.29385, -90.29384, -90.29386, -90.29389, -90.29402, -90.29411, -90.29425, -90.29434, -90.29459, -90.29414, -90.29392, -90.29371, -90.29360, -90.29353, -90.29310, -90.29289, -90.29243, -90.29231, -90.29147, -90.29105, -90.29059, -90.29022, -90.28911, -90.28874, -90.28834, -90.28742, -90.28714, -90.28674, -90.28638, -90.28625, -90.28532, -90.28503, -90.28479, -90.28446, -90.28431, -90.28400, -90.28314, -90.28308, -90.28277, -90.28263, -90.28222, -90.28216, -90.28208, -90.28210, -90.28215, -90.28217, -90.28231, -90.28240, -90.28247, -90.28248, -90.28252, -90.28253, -90.28254, -90.28259, -90.28267, -90.28273, -90.28277, -90.28281, -90.28286, -90.28292, -90.28296, -90.28340, -90.28350, -90.28452, -90.28516, -90.28528, -90.28531, -90.28533, -90.28543, -90.28544, -90.28547, -90.28546, -90.28542, -90.28533, -90.28597, -90.29487, -90.29462, 38.64858, 38.64872, 38.64883, 38.64893, 38.64894, 38.64925, 38.64936, 38.64955, 38.64980, 38.65012, 38.65031, 38.65049, 38.65078, 38.65104, 38.65123, 38.65141, 38.65168, 38.65197, 38.65215, 38.65233, 38.65260, 38.65288, 38.65306, 38.65326, 38.65336, 38.65349, 38.65358, 38.65382, 38.65400, 38.65425, 38.65443, 38.65493, 38.65489, 38.65486, 38.65484, 38.65479, 38.65477, 38.65472, 38.65470, 38.65465, 38.65464, 38.65457, 38.65453, 38.65449, 38.65445, 38.65434, 38.65430, 38.65426, 38.65417, 38.65414, 38.65409, 38.65405, 38.65404, 38.65396, 38.65393, 38.65391, 38.65388, 38.65386, 38.65384, 38.65376, 38.65375, 38.65373, 38.65372, 38.65368, 38.65367, 38.65366, 38.65355, 38.65321, 38.65310, 38.65230, 38.65178, 38.65142, 38.65134, 38.65112, 38.65110, 38.65102, 38.65074, 38.65031, 38.64990, 38.64963, 38.64938, 38.64902, 38.64866, 38.64842, 38.64847, 38.64848, 38.64859, 38.64864, 38.64788, 38.64768, 38.64759, 38.64684, 38.64673, 38.64651, 38.64637, 38.64623, 38.64606, 38.64612, 38.64699, 38.64858
x y
1 4 4
2 4 3
3 4 4
4 1 1
5 1 3
6 2 4Crar un objeto para el alpha y otro para el fill
Graficar el mapa
Graficar la leyenda
leg = ggplot(d, aes(x,y))+
geom_tile(aes(fill=atan(y/x),alpha=x+y))+
scale_fill_viridis_c()+
theme(legend.position="none",
axis.text.y = element_blank(),
axis.text.x = element_blank(),
axis.ticks = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
panel.grid.major = element_blank())+
coord_equal()
legJuntar los dos
Se parecen?
Vamos hacer el mapa bivariado de la diversidad filogenetica de angiospermas en la Peninsula de Yucatán
- Usando el paquete
biscale - Manualmente
Cargar el mapa base
Cargar los datos y ajustar el CRS
1. Preparar el mapa usando el paquete biscale
- Calcular las categorias
Preparar la leyenda
Preparar el mapa
2. Manualmente
- Crear un grid
Crear la leyenda
leg2 =ggplot(d,aes(x,y))+
#crear el *tile* jugando con los parámetros de colores *fill* y *alpha*
geom_tile( aes(fill=atan(y/x),alpha=x+y))+
scale_fill_viridis_c()+
#Definir los temas
theme(legend.position="none",
panel.background=element_blank(),
axis.text.y = element_blank(),
axis.text.x = element_blank(),
axis.ticks = element_blank(),
axis.title.x = element_text(size=15,hjust=0.6),
axis.title.y = element_text(size=15),
panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
plot.background = element_rect(fill = "white",color="white"))+
# Definir los titulos de los ejes
labs(x="PBD",
y="TBD")+
# Decir que los tiles deben se cuadrados
coord_equal()+
# Poner flechitas
geom_segment(aes(x=1, xend = 3 , y=0, yend = 0), size=1.5,
arrow = arrow(length = unit(0.6,"cm"))) +
geom_segment(aes(x=0, xend = 0 , y=1, yend = 3), size=1.5,
arrow = arrow(length = unit(0.6,"cm")))
leg2